A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated
Filename: MX/Loader.php
Line Number: 160
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 132
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 290
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 164
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 233
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 354
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 282
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 294
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 304
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 375
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 108
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated
Filename: MX/Loader.php
Line Number: 160
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated
Filename: MX/Loader.php
Line Number: 160
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated
Filename: MX/Loader.php
Line Number: 160
Backtrace:
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Scholar/controllers/Scholar.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once
File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once
Veronika S. Saraswati | CSIS
Position :
Convenor, China Studies Research Unit
Organization :
Centre for Strategic and International Studies
Veronika joined CSIS in 2018. She obtained her Ph.D from PRC, Guang Zhou, South China University of Technology, in the Faculty of Political Philosophy. Her research interest is China Studies, including China Development Theory, Politics of China, and Chinese Ancient Philosophy.