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Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Line Number: 290

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 164

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 233

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 354

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Filename: Session/Session.php

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Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 108

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 173
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

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Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

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Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Loader.php

Line Number: 160

Backtrace:

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 160
Function: strtolower

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/core/X_Loader.php
Line: 247
Function: library

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/base/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 65
Function: initialize

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/modules/web/Department/controllers/Department.php
Line: 9
Function: __construct

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/protected/framework.php
Line: 229
Function: require_once

File: /home/csis3web/public_html/index.php
Line: 31
Function: require_once

Politics and Social Change | CSIS

Department of

Politics and Social Change

Our continuous engagement in research and observation on democratic reform specified our study on five areas: electoral politics, social policy (bureaucratic reform, ethnic and minority issues, labor, health, gender, poverty, and education), identity politics, digital politics, and security sector reform (military professionalism and democratic civilian control). We observed the dynamics of electoral politics by emphasizing on electoral process, party system, and political dynamics in the parliament. We also focus on the preferences and political behavior of voters in elections as well as perceptions of government performances and policies, through surveys on public opinion.In 2018, we conducted periodic research on millennials: its social, political, economic, and religious preferences. Addressing trending issues of diversity and tolerance, we also examined the manifestation of identity politics in 2018 Regional Elections and 2019 Presidential Election. As the election period draws nearer, Department of Politics and Social Change conducted series of public seminar to discuss presidential candidates’ visions on various issues—from politics to bureaucratic reform—by inviting both candidates’ campaign team and experts. The department also continues to engage and collaborate with international research projects and donors, such as the European Commission-funded Competing Regional Integration in Southeast Asia (CRISEA), Management Systems International (MSI) for USAID-CEGAH program, Knowledge Sector Initiative (KSI), and International Republican Institute (IRI)