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Petahana, Patronase, dan Politik Uang di Jawa | CSIS

Petahana, Patronase, dan Politik Uang di Jawa

01 Apr 2019

Ringkasan Eksekutif

  1. Politik uang dan patronase adalah dua hal yang cukup akrab kita dengar dalam politik Indonesia pasca-reformasi. Ini karena adanya kepercayaan bahwa dua hal ini dapat mempengaruhi preferensi pemilih sehingga pada gilirannya akan menguntungkan calon yang menggunakan strategi ini secara elektoral. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh politik uang dan patronase terhadap dukungan suara petahana di Pilkada 2018. Sampel yang digunakan terbatas pada Pilkada yang diselenggarakan di Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur.
  2. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pengaruh yang mixed. Politik uang hanya sedikit saja berpengaruh positif terhadap dukungan suara petahana. Tetapi dalam kasus-kasus lain, ada juga model strategi elektoral yang mirip dengan politik uang yang malah menurunkan suara calon petahana. Ini menunjukkan hubungan antara politik uang dengan suara petahana bersifat ambigu, dan tulisan ini tidak menemukan hubungan yang terlalu jelas dan sistematis antar keduanya.
  3. Variabel lain seperti kepuasan terhadap kinerja Pemprov, kepuasan terhadap kinerja pemerintahan Jokowi – JK, dan kepuasan terhadap kondisi ekonomi keluarga juga turut diulas dan dihubungkan dengan dukungan suara calon petahana. Hasilnya juga menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak konsisten sehingga sulit untuk mengatakan secara meyakinkan sejauh mana ketiga hal ini akan menguntungkan petahana secara elektoral.
  4. Mayoritas responden berkata akan menolak politik uang dan tidak akan memilih calon yang menggunakan politik uang di Pilkada. Responden juga mengatakan bahwa pembangunan fasilitas umum seperit jalan, jembatan, dan masjid yang dilaksanakan menjelang Pemilu adalah wajar. Tingkat dukungan kandidat petahana di kelompok masyarakat yang mengatakan “wajar” ini lebih tinggi nyaris dua kali lipat.
File: Election_Series_No._3___Politik_Uang1.pdf
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